Gas burner



i April 8, 1930 7 s. J. LONERGAN 1,753,962

GAS BURNER Filed April 5, 19.28 3 sheets-sheet 1 Y /7 #f7/@A75 x A Z7@ l J5' v/ `Z J/ .f IM? 11H1 '1H if um. lh H1 27 .55, lll

--\\\\\\\iilu\nm I April 8, lT1930. J. LQNERGAN GAS BURNER v'Fued April 5, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 April s, 1930.

s. J. lLONERGANl GAS BURNER Filed April 5, 1928 s sheets-sheet s lemma am. (s, ieee UNITED l sTArEs PATENT, OFFICE sIIIoN .I LoNEnGAmoF LA PORTE, INDIANA, AssIGNoa `'ro nAsfrIAN-MONLEY com IANY, or LA ron'rn, INDIANA, 'A CORPORATION or INDIANA` l GAS BURNER I Application led April 5,'1928. Serial- No.' 267,559.

tors, vats, and the like, and wherein the gas flow to the burner may be controlled over a wide pressure range by thermostatic (or other automatic) or hand-controlled means. One of the main objects of my invention is to .providea Vuniversal burner structure which is capable of maximum eiiiciency in operation over a wide range of gas pressures from a minimum low pressure (slightly above at- 15, mospheric pressure) to any desired maximum high pressure, and, which will operate at the minimum low pressure without back-flashing or backiiring. My invention 'thus provides a burner which may be used not only as a heat- 'ing unit, but also as a pilot light when associated with either slow-acting thermostatic (orl other automatic) or hand-controlled means. It also insures a burner which will remain lighted when, for any reason, thepressure in the gas supply main becomes lowered almost to the pressure. of the surrounding atmosphere.

Another object is to provide a burner-which provides for complete .combustion under all 3 0 gas and atmospheric pressure conditions whereby all carbon is Completely consumed` with the result that no carbon is deposited on the burner or adjacent objects even over long periods of operation; no carbon monoxide is formed; and the amount of as required for heating is materially reduced. sures continued maXimum-eiliciency in opera# tion and full benet is at lall timesffderived y from the heat units fired:

40 Still another object is to provide a burner.

which at all times ldischarges a low"iame,4

that is, a flame which projects only a slight distance abovethe burnerA at all stages of operation. It insures such a low flame under 5-0 to exist in some instances would result' vinthe This inmaximum pressure or gas-How conditions formation of carbon monoxide, and other well known obj ectiouable conditions. Other advantages to be gained by the carrying out of this object are that the hot gases of combustion do not travel so far inorder to contact with the surface to beheated with the result that they are influenced less by the intervening and surrounding cooler air; a

'smaller combustion chamber may be employed; and the burner, as Well as the structurewith which it is used, may be more compactly constructed. v

A further object is to provide a burner which will given an intenseflame and which is so constructed that the hot gases o combustion are caused to pass directly upward towardthe Ysurface'to be. heated within a vertical path defined, in area, substantially by the area ofthe burner. The burner thus has the ability to direct the-hot gases of combustion positively against the intended surface without lateral dissipationand the ac vtion is such that objects may be mounted closely vto the hot-gas-travelarea and closely ,to the sides of the burner Without danger of overheating to the same.

An additionalobj ect is to provide a burner including one or more independently-acting ame discharging elements, each element embodying means for discharging a plurality of thin, and spaced edge-wise flame sheetssoas to provide active lues between adjacent flame.

sheets Whichserve vto'` automatically control the secondary airzsupplyas the .requirements in that respect vary so as tofinsure' complete combustion at 'all stages of' operation. .This flame arrangement also contributes to the di rect'up-flow action of the hot gases of combustion toward thesurface to the heatH is applied.

A-furtherfobject is 'to provide a burner which isY capable of exercising 'a positive flame-control over the'volumeof secondary air admitted to the combustion chamber, and

whichlpermits of .limitation of such air volurne to substantially that required to supply the secondary-air'needs. More partlcularly,

it is Well known that acertain volume of sec- -on'dary air. is required to su port complete 'ma combustion. under each gasow or pressure condition and when the amount of air admit# ted to the combustion chamber exceeds this requisite amount, the surplus air tends to cool the gases of combustion and render them less effective. Prior burners of this character have been so designed that an excess of secondary air must necessarily be admitted to the combustion chamber in order to have available enough air to support combustion and, for that reason, their efficiency is lowered very greatly. My invention provides a positiveair-injection action whic i. permits the use of small or restricted air openings leading into the combustion chamber. These openings may be made so small that the amount of air normally admitted is sufficient to support combustion only under the minimum low gas-flow conditions, and as the gasflow is increased, and by the time a high pressure condition is established, the a'ction set up by the flues between the flames, as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, causes the inflow of an additional and the requisite amountof secondary air.

Another object is to provide a burner having a plurality of gas mixing and discharging nozzles each having a plurality of flame slots therein arranged to direct thin vertical and radial flame sheets therefrom under the higher gas-flow conditions, the arrangement being such that complete combustion is effected Within individual and distinct flame areas without resorting to impingement of the flames with each other. That is, the parts are so proportioned that the proper amount of secondary and primary air is induced to complete, combustion in the flame area of each flame independently of the other flames.

This is a highlyadvantageous feature in that it causes the heat from the burner to be distributed with maximum heating effect of the B. t. u.s fired over a greater surfacein a more uniformly distributed manner. In some known forms of burners of this character, the

flames are of such character that the heat is concentrated and applied to the heated sur face at one place only instead of being elle@ tively distributed over the entire flame area. In some instances the mixture streams are discharged from the burner in such a Way that they are brought into confluence to complete combustion, and in such burners also, the flames tend to converge to a point from which the hotter gases of combustion are discharged so that the heat is concentrated effectively at one place only instead of over the entire surface to be heated. My invention overcomes the foregoing objectionable features by providin for distribution of the maximum heating e ect over theentire ame area and over the .entire surface to Pwhich the heat is applied which reduces the amount of gas required for heating.

rStill another object is to provide a burner egnbpdying one or more primary mixing noz zles, each nozzle having mixture discharging ports which are automatically variable in active mixture discharging area as the pressure of the mixture is varied.

A further object is to provide a burner structure embodying a plurality of independently-acting mixing nozzles, each provided with means for shielding the same from flames which may be abnormally deflected from other adjacent nozzles whereby combustion is positively caused to take place only at the discharge end of such nozzles.

Additional objects are to provide a burne which discharges a flame which is confined within narrow limits, vertically and laterally, under all gas-flow conditions; to provide a burner which will function equally well with natural or `artificial gas; to provide a'simple and cheap burner which is adapted to give maximum eflciency under all operating conditions with a minimum of attention; to provide a burner which may be readily used with lany form of water heater, furnace or boiler, etc., and which insures reduced' installation, operation and upkeep costs; and to provide a burner which is well adapted for thermostatic control whether the control action be of a gradually-acting or quick acting type.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent as this description progresses and by reference to the drawings wherein,

Figure lis a top plan view of one form of burner structure embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partially in section, of the burner structure shown in Fig, l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevational View. of one of the discharge nozzles and a portion of the burner head;

Figure 4c is an enlarged, central, vertical sectional view through one of the discharge nozzles;

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of one of the nozzle mixture tubes with the cap removed.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of the nozzle tube;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a de'vice for shielding the primary air ports of the nozzles;

Fig. l0 is an elevational view of one of the nozzles illustrating the character of the flame which burns under minimum-low gas pressure conditions;

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10 except illustrating the character of-the flame at a slightly-increased-pressure stage;

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Figs. 10 and 11, except illustrating the character of the flame at a still further increased pressure stage;

Fig. 13 is another view similar to 10, 1 1 and l2, but illustrating the character of the flame under high gas pressure conditions; and

- water heater having my invention applied Fig. 14 is an elevational view, partially 1n section, of a thermostatically-controlled the burnervhead 15 and the connected arms vao 16 is hollow to provide a gas distributing chamber 18 (Fig.4) which is in communication with each of the nozzlessuch chamber being, in turn, in communication with a gas source (not shown) through a suitable conduit 19 (Fig. 1). The particular form of burner which I have chosen to illustrate my invention is well adapted for use with a water heater and the partleular horseshoe-shaped burner head is arranged to embrace a centrally disposed heater drain pipe as will be explained more specifically hereinafter. Also, while I have shown the burner'head as having six projecting arms 16, and a like number of nozzles 17, it is. to be understood that the number of arms and nozzles may be varied to suit the particular conditions of use. The nozzle structures 17 each 'function independently as separateunits` to discharge a plurality of independently effective flames under perfect combustion conditions. Specifically, each nozzle lembodies a mixing tube 20 (Figs. 3, and 7 having a lower threaded end 21 adapted to engage a threaded opening 16a in the supporting arm 16; and it is further provided withl a thickened body wall 22 above Such threaded portion, such wall having an external olygonal shapeto permit the` same to be rea ily grasped by avwrench for tightening the nozzle in place upon the burner arm. This tube has an axial bore 23 which extends from its upper end to, preferably, a point nearits bottom, and adjacent the lower partv of said thickened body wall 22. A frustro-conical opening 24 is provided in the lower end 21 of the tubewith' 1 its lower enlarged end in communication with A the `formation of a'combustible mixturewith-- the gas distributing chamber'18, and its up-l per and Areduced end in communication with ltube'as will e explainedmore fully hereinafter'. The upper end 20p-of the tube is still a short and small-sized axial passage 25'. This passage 25 is adapted .to discharge a ine axial stream of gas from the distributing chamber 18 into and axiallythrough the tube bore23.,

In carryingI out my inventiomprovidefor in the tube bore 23 and', to this-end, I provide a plurality` of primary-air openings 26 at ,the lower end of the tube' which lead, re'ferably,

through the thickened tube wal s Vinto the4 lower part of the tube bore to admit atmospheric air thereinto. These air kopenings 26 extend inwardly and upwardly with their 'inner en d's above the outlet surface of the' gas'v ploy discharge port 25, so that primary `air is drawn in by the injectoraction set up with-l in the tube by the axially flowing gas stream, as. will be well understood. The openings 26 are of such size that their total area is consid erably greater than the area of the tube bore 23 whereby the iowof air into the tube is accomplished without restriction, and suf--v wide pressure range from a pressure only slightly above atmospheric pressure, it is essential that back-dashing and back-firing during low pressure operation be prevented.

The relative proportions of the gas discharge orifice 25, the air inlet openings 26 and the tube bore 23, are such that back-flashing or back-firing will takev place unless further mixture control means is employed. More specifically, the relative proportions o-these Iparticular mixture-forming elements, which I employ,are such that when the gas-flow approaches or is reduced toa lowlpressure point, the rate of mixture iiow becomes lower than the rate of ame .propagation for the particular mixture fired with the result that the mixture fires back towardv the gas source I.

and burns at the base of the mixing tube bore.

would render use of aburnerof this character prohibitive', `for reasonsl which will be appreciated by those 'skilled in the art.

Toomplete my burner nozzle and to insure a smooth and even iiame with proper combus-v tion under all gas pressure conditions without back-hashing and/or back-firing, I emmixture discharge-control means which Such an Aarrangement if not compensated for,

loo

includes a cap 27 adapted to be mounted upon the upper end of the nozzle tube 20. vThis cap is provided with an internally-threaded skirtportion adapted to engage the'threaded por.

tion 28 formed near the upper end of the tube,

this threaded portion being of lesser diameter: than the body 2050i the tube so as to rovide a '-1 shoulder upon which the bottomfo the Cap4v seats to establish a predetermined relation be,-v

tween the ca' and the discharge end of the further reduced in outside-diameter to provided with. a plurality of, preferably our, longitudinal, and radially-cut, iame slots 31 which terminate short,- of the top and bottom thereof so as to provide a horizontally-deectingwall surface 30 in the extreme central top curved portion of the cap;` Theireduced tube end 20b is of such lengt that when the cap is screwed down against the shoulder' at 4vide a very shallow space 29 between the adr l l the top of the tube body portion a relatively small space 32 is provided between the upper end of the tube 20 and the upper inner wall surface of the cap. The upper end of the tube is so spaced from the cap that the narrow annular side space 29 is in communication with, and forms a downward continuation of, the space 32.

While the structural relationship between the several parts so far described contributes to the results attained in the use of my invention, the relative areas of the slots 31, the mixing tube outlet and the spaces 29 and 32 at the outer end of and adjacent the outer end side wall of the mixing tube, respectively, also contribute" to the accomplishment of such results. Specifically, the slots 31 are each,

referably, of such dimensions in width and ength that the sum of the areas of the slot portions outwardlybeyond the discharge end of the mixing tube 20 is less than the area of the mixing tube outlet. Further, the space 29 extending adjacent the side wall of t-he tube 20 at its discharge end surrounds such end ofthe tube and is shallow as compared tothe space 32 in axial alignment with the discharge end of the tube so that the orifice area, as I may term it, at the juncture of the connected end and side spaces is restricted, preventing a free flow or expansion of the mixture from the end space 32 into the side space 29. I further, preferably, provide the slots 31 with such dimensions in width and length that the sum of the areas of the slot portions outwardly beyond the discharge end of the mixing tube 20, and outwardly beyond the juncture between the end and side spaces 29 and 32, is greater than the orifice area.

i at the juncture of such connected end and side spaces, and also greater than the cross sectional area of the side space 29. These relative areas have todo with the automatic variation of the active mixture-discharging area of the slots 31, which will be referred to further hereinafter.

In the operation of the structure so far described, when the gas flow is at a minimum low point (which may be only slightly above atmospheric pressure) the thin gas stream discharging at a relatively highv velocity through the orifice into the tube bore 23 entrains primary air throu h the openings 26, the amount of air admitted being such that the admixing ofthe same with the gas as it passes through the tube provides a combustible mixture. This mixture is discharged from the tube bore in an axial stream into the space 32. At this low ressure stage, it appears that the total active slot area (or the area of thevupper surfacesof the slots 31 in direct-flow communication with the chamber 32) is such that the mixture fed into the chamber will be disharged directly through the upper slot surfaces. In other words, the

' active slot area is such that, under that low gas-dow or pressure condition, the mixture is discharged through the slots as fast as it is delivered to the chamber 32. Under these conditions, as the mixture passes through the slots, 3l and is red, a very low pilot-like flame burns at the surface of the slots approximately within the vertical limits of the nozzle as indicated in Fig. 10. The' Haines which burn from the surfaces of these slots, due to the foregoing described arrangement of parts, are so-called soft iiames which will continue to burn at the surface of the respective flame slots when subjected to even severe draft and other critical tests. These ames are .also of minimum' intensity, and the gas iiow or pressure may be lowered to such a point that these pilot dames do not have appreciably any heating efect. Also,

vregardless of the lowv pressure condition e'xisting at'this time, back-firing does not take place; because the restriction condition estblished by each separate slot in the discharge of its proportionate part of the mixture is such as to set up (even at the lowest gas pressure) a mixture velocity flow through each slot. which is greater than the rate of ame propagation for the mixture being ired.

When the gas flow islincreased from thel minimum low-pressure point, the mixture flow through the tube bore 23 is likewise increased. As this increase takes place, a greater pressure condition is set up within the chamber 32 due to the fact that the total-area. of the upper part of the flame slots in direct communication with the chamber 32 is not such that the mixture will be discharged therethrou h as fast as it is fed into the chamber 32. T us, as the pressure is increased,

Vthe skin-ame of Fig. 10, at an intermediate pressure stage, is transferred into a plurality of independent liame jets such as indicated in Fig. 11. As the pressure continues to be increased from the stage shown in Fig. 11, and the presure in the chamber 32 is-likewise increased, the resulting back-pressure condition causes the mixture to back-up into the annular space 29 at the side of the mixing tube end 20b and downwardthrough the slots 30 whereby the mixture will be discharged and will burn to a lower, or further rearward, point along the ame slots 31. At this stage, the jets may take a form somewhat similar to that `shown in Fig. 12, the progressive actionbeing discharge horizontally throughout the length' of the slots to produce a plurality of thin and radially directed flame sheets substantially of araaeea" the shape shown in Fig. 13. This arrangement is such that, at all stages, the flames are smooth and stable and there is no flickering along the slot surfaces. rl`he active slot discharging area varies with the gas pressure and 'the mixture will burn only in areas defined by the slot-discharging areas then active.

Even under highest gas pressure conditions, the flames are of'such a character, due tothe arrangement of the mixture-control elements, that they extend only aslight distance vertically and laterally beyond the burner surface, as will be obvious from Figs. 10.13, inclusive. Thus, the individual flames are capable of burning with complete combustion within their respective flame areas without impinging each other so that full heating benefit is derived from each individual flame., r.l'his is an important phase of my invention, in that it enables the burner to be located close to the surface to be heated without the danger of formationof carbon monoxide in any instance; more compact structures may be employed; and greater heating efficiency is provided for with less cost.

M invention further provides for complete com ustion under allV gas-flow conditions thereby insuring complete consumption of all of the carbon content of the flame, so that there will be no soot or carbon deposits upon the burner to clog the same or upon thel surrounding objects which are subjected to the action of the burner. More particularly, the nozzles are carried by the arms 16 whichproject outwardlyfrom the burner head toisuch an extent as to permit a free upward flow of secondary air around all sides thereof. The flames issuing from the flame slots 30 are thusv subjected to a free 11p-flow of secondary air which is a requisitek of complete combustion. Under high gas pressure conditions, with the thin vertical sheets of flame projecting from the radial flame slots 31, the flame sheets establish flues between adjacent flames which set up an increased secondary air induction or injector condition between the thin flame sheets which i's suflicient to supply the secondary air necessary for complete combustion.l This injector action varies with the gas pressure and flame condition, but it isalways sufficient to insure the proper amount of secondary air. Uomplete combustion in each independent flame area is further aided by the segregation and firing of the mixture in the Vertical thin sheet formation as will be well understood. It will be obvious that the usual secondary air opening leading into the combustion chamber may be reduced to a minimum size, and, in

fact, this opening may be of no greater area than necessary to normally supply sufficient air to support combustion at the minimum low-flame stage such as illustrated in' Fig; 10.

In such case, the injector action of the burner will induce the additionally required .air through such opening to support combustion,

flame sheets which define the V-shaped flue channels.

These Hue-channels appear to creat-ea vertical up-draft strong enough to draw in and confine the heated gases as above stated. This effect is very pronounced and the upward movement of these gases is so direct, without lateral spreading or dissipation, that an .object can be readily inserted within at increased gas-flow stages. This is important asv 1t prevents cooling of the. gases of,l

the circle defined by the nozzles (as at A -in f Fig. 1) or an object may be passed around and close to the outside of the ring of nozzles (as indicated generally at B in Fig. 1) without overheating of the same. This is a very important factor in present-day use of burner constructions where it is highly desirable to conserve space in that it enables the burner to be mounted ina 'small combustion cham.

ber with a minimum of heat insulation and the burner may also be located close to a-floor or wall surface without danger ofoverheat- 'ing of such`surface'. Previousburners offer serious objection in this respect, requiring i-n many instances (water heater installations, for example) the use of excessivel large combustion chambers and the use o expensive insulating means. f

The air openings 26 of each nozzle are shielded from flames which may lbe ab normally deflected downward from adjacent nozzles so as to positively guard' against firing of themixture at any point other than at nozzle caps 30. To this end, I provide an inverted cup-shaped member 33 (Fig. 9) which is adapted to be passed down over the nozzle and seated upon the top part of the enlarged body portion 22 so that its depending skirtv33` passes down over and beneath'the inletsto the air passages 26 (Fig. 4) to shield the same. This shield member is of such size that it does not restrict 'the flow of air to and through the primary air openings 26.

`The upper wall of this shield is provided secondary air draft actions. set up by the.; y flames. These openings 34, 1n fact, may set up an air induction action at the top of the shield and flames which' may be directed toward the openingsq26, ma .be deflected by this x e upper part o f the s shield and away from the open bottom of the draft condltion toward t shield and the primary air inlets.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that my invention is Well adapted for use with waterheaters Wherein the gas-low is controlled between high and low pressure points by thcrmostatic means, and its application in such case Will be better understood by reference to Fig. 14 of the drawings showing a certain form of heater structure. The heater which I have shown comprises a storage tank having a combustion chamber 36 therebeneath. A Water spreader 37 of' Well known form is mounted in this chamber With a burner embodying my invention mounted beneath so that the hot gases from the burner will strike the spreader bottom VWall 37. The gas flow is controlled by a slow-acting thermostatic device 3S which, as will be Well understood from the term slow acting, func tions, under the control of the temperature of the Water, to vary the gas flow progressively from a minimum low pressure point to a maximum, and vice versa. More particularly, Whenv the Water is cold the thermostatic means Will function to supply gas at a maximum pressure and, as the Water becomes heated, the gas flow is cut down accordingly; and the gas pressure condition iuctuates back and forth as Water is drawn from .the storage tank to maintain the temperature of the Water at the desired temperature. There Will be periods of quite long duration when no Water Will he drawn from the tank, at which time the thermostat Will function to eut the gas loW down to a minimum point. This minimum point must be such thatl the B. t. u.s tired will not be sufficient to cause 'overheating of the water in the tank. One of the serious difficulties experienced with prior burners is that this desired loW gas-loW or pressure point cannot be established Without back-firing of the burner, with the result that the low gas pressure point must be at such a high point (to prevent back-firing) that the B. t. u.s fired cause overheating of the Water. My burner, which, as above de scribed, is of such construction as to eliminate back-tiring at even the lowest gas pressure (which is slightly above atmospheric pressure) and overcomes the foregoing objectionable features in heater operation. The danger of overheating the Water under any condition is positively eliminated. Also, the advantages in this respect Will be readily understood when my burner is used in conjunction with furnaces and boilers for heating systems, stoves, gas refrigerators, vats, ete.

It will be noted in Fig. lll that the burner is loeatedvery close to the bottoni 37a of the spreader. rllhis 'can be done with my invention Without the iames impinging the spreader due to the ability of the burner to discharge, even at the maximum pressure point, a very low llame. rl`his is quite 'an important matter in Water heater operation;

because, if the flames should impinge the spreader bottom which supports a coolerbod of Water, carbon monoxide would be forme The character of the dames discharged also permits the heater drain pipe 39 to be passed down Within the circle of burner nozzles 17 Without the flames impinging Ithereon and causing the above-mentioned prohibitive results. The foregoing advantages cannot be obtained with prior known forms of burners of this character, all of which are so designed that they discharge a high flame under high and intermediate pressure conditions, andl their flames tend to spread to such an extent that they would impinge the heater drain pipe if used similarly to my burner.

The ability of my burner to burn at all pressure stages with complete combustion, and its ability to confine the heated gases to a vertical path substantially defined by the area of the burner, further renders it ver valuable for use with Water heaters. As Wi l be obvious from Fig. 14, the hot burner gases will all be directed toward and uniformly distributed against the bottom 37'* of the spreader whereby they heat such surface to a maximum degree and insure maximum eiiciency of the spreader.

In addition to the foregoing features, my invention makes possible the use of a very small heater combustion chamber 36A; the heater asa Whole can be made smaller with the same or greater Water-handling capacity; the heater can be mounted closer to the floor or Wall surface (With the burner very close to such surtaee)1 Without danger of overheating or settin re to such surface; expensive insulation o the combustion chamber Walls is not required; and the eiiicieney and cost of construction, upkeep and operation of' the heat-er as a whole arematerially reduced.

The heater can be operated over any desiredgas-pressure range in any locality, regardless of varying gas and atmospheric pressure conditions Without de reciation in any of theV advantages hereinbeiibre mentioned.

It will be understood that While I have shown and describedA only one form of my invention, various changes may be made in details and arrangement of parts Without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined by the claims which follow. For example, the nozzles may be spaced farther apart and they may be varied in size';

the caps may take different shapes; and in some instances the flame slots in adj aeent nozzles may be so arranged that the fiame sheets issuerfrom one nozzle in staggered relation to the. flames issuing from the adjacent nozzles asindieated generally in Fig. l,-howeve r,

in the form described, the nozzles are so spaced and the character of the flames is such that the' caps may be screwed home irrespective of the relative positions of the flame slots charge point of said chamber and each ofA which has avdischarging area disposed behind the point of discharge from said chamber. v

2. A gas burner which comprises means for forming a combustible mixture which includes a chamber having an open end from which the formed mixture is discharged, and

means for delivering` the mixture discharged from said chamber into a combustion zone, Which means includes a plurality of slots communicating with the discharge end of said chamber and which are of a length to extend beyond the discharge end of said chamber in a direction opposite the direction in which the mixture is discharged.

3. A gas burner comprising means for forming a combustible mixture including a chamberV having a discharge opening and means for delivering the formed mixture from said chamber to a combustion `zone which includes a plurality'of slots which are of such ,length as to extend both-in front of and to the rear of said discharge opening.

4. A gas burner comprising means for forming a combustible mixture including a chamber having a discharge opening and means for delivering the formed mixture from said chamber to a combustion zone which includes a plurality of slo-ts which are oifset laterally from said discharge opening and which are of suiiicient length to extend behind such opening. Y

5. In a gas burner, means including a mixing tube for forming a gas and air mixture, a cap telescoping the discharge end of said tube and spaced therefrom providing a space into which the mixture is fed from said tube, and slots formed lengthwise in said cap and of suificient length to extend behind the outlet of said mixing tube.

6. In a gas burner, means including a mixing tube forforming a gas and air mixture, a cap telescoping the discharge end of said tube and spaced therefrom providing a space into which the mixture is fed from. said tube, said cap having an end surface in substantially axial alignment with the discharge end of said .tube and a body surface extending substantially parallel with the side wall of said tube, and slots formed lengthwise in said cap and extending from said end surface along said body surface substantially parallel-with the axis of said tube to a. point rearward of said tube discharge end.

7 A gas burner comprising means, ineluding a' chamber having an outlet, for forming a gas and air mixture, and means for discharging said mixture into a combustion zone which includes a plurality of slots which have one portion of their slot surfaces in direct flow alignment with the outlet from said chamber and another portion oftheir slot'surfaces in indirect flow alignment with said chamber outlet. i 8. A gas burner which coi'nprises means for forming a gas and air mixture which includes a mixing chamber, and an imperforate element at the'outlet end of and axial with rcspect to said chamber which the mixture engages in discharging, said baille element having its surface which is exposed to the discharging mixture of less cross sectional area thanl the cross sectional area of the discharge end of the mixture chamber, and means providing mixture discharge outlets adjacent the discharge end of said chamber cooperatii'ig with said baille element to discharge the mixture from said chamber.

9. In a burner, a gas and air mixture forming chamber having a discharge opening, a member associated with the discharge end of said chamber having a horizontally vdisposed baille surface spaced outwardly from and substantially axial with respect to said discharge opening, the horizontal projection'of said baille surface being of less dimension than'said discharge opening and ha A said member havlng discharge outlets co operating with said baille surface for the delivery of the mixture for combustion.

l0. In a burner, a gas and air mixture tube, i

a cap over the endof saidtube and having a horizontally disposed imperforate baille surface in its end spaced from and in axial alignment with the discharge end of said tube, the horizontal projectie-n of said baille surface being of less dimension than the Widthof the discharge end of said tube, and slots in said cap extending from said baille surface down along the sides of said cap eooperating with said bailie surface for the delivery of the mixture for combustion.

1l. In a burner, a gas and air mixture tube, a cap telescoping the discharge end of said tube, said cap having a rounded inner end part, the inner endpart of said cap being in spaced and 'axial alignment with the discharge end of said tube, the horizontal projection of said end partbeing less than the Width of the discharge end of said tube, and spaced apart slots in said cap extending from said cap end part along the sides of saidcap in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of said tube.

12. In a burner, gas and air mixture means which includes a mixing tube, a cap having one end closed and mounted over the discharge end of said tube, the closed end of said cap being in the form-of a horizontallydisposed and concaved surface exposed tothe 'axial discharge of the mixture from said tube, the width of said end surface being less than the width of the discharge end of said tube, and slots in said cap extending away from said end surface.

13. In a gas burner, means for forming a gas and air mixture which includes a mixing chamber having a discharge outlet, means for feeding the mixture delivered through said outlet vfor combustion purposes which includes a plurality of slots which have an active discharging area forwardly of the dischargeend of said chamber, the sum of the areas of the slot portions forwardly of the discharge end of said chamber being less than the area of the mixing chamber discharge outlet.

14. In a burner, means providing a gas and air mixing chamber having an outlet, delivery means mounted over said outlet which includes a plurality of slots which extend forwardly of and behind the chamber outlet, the sum of the areas of the slot portions 'forwardly'of said outlet being less than the area of said outlet.

15.` In a burner, a gas and air mixing tube having an outlet, a cap mounted over said outlet in spaced relation thereto, said cap having aplurality of substantially lengthwise-directed slots therein which are of Sullicientlengthto extend both forwardly of and behind -said tube outlet, the sum of the slot areas forwardly of said tube outlet being less than the area ofthe tube outlet.

16. In a. gas burner, a mixing tube having provision for the forming of a gas and air mixture therein and having an outlet at one end, a member-mounted over the outlet end of said tube in. spaced relation thereto providing a space at the end and along the side of said tube, and elongated discharge outlets in said member communicating directly with said space both at the end and along the side of said tube, the sum of the areas of the outlets communicating directly with the end part of said space being less than the area of the outlet end of said tube.

17. In a gas burner, a gas and air mixing tube having an outlet, a cap telescoping the outlet end of said tube providing a space at` the end of said tube and along its side wall, said cap having slots each osutlicient length to communicate with both said end and side tions communicating directly with said end A space being less than the area of said tube outlet.

18. In a gas burner, a tube with an outlet and having provision for the forming of a gas and air mixture therein, means associated with the outlet end of said tube providing a space at the end of said tube and a comparatively narrow space around the side of the tube adjacent its outlet end, said means iiicommunicate with both said end an cluding slots of a length to extend into communication with both said end and side spaces, the sum of the areas of the slot portions communicating with said end space being less than the area of the tube outlet.

19. In a gas burner, a mixing tube having provision for the forming of a gas and air mixture therein and having an outlet at one end, a member mounted over the outlet end of said tube in spaced relation thereto providing a space at the end and along the side of the tube, and discharge outlets in said member communicating with said space both at the end and along the side of said tube, the sum of the discharge outlet areas communicating directly with the end part of said space being greater than the cross sectional area of the part of said space at the side of said tube.

20. In a gas burner, means providing a chamber having an outlet andV having provision for the forming therein of a gas and air mixture, a member mounted over said chamber outlet providing a space forwardly of and extending behind said chamber outlet, said member having outlets communicating with said space both forwardly of and behind said chamber outlet, the sum of the aieas of the `outlet portions forwardly of said chamber outlet/,being greater than the cross sectional area of said space at the juncture of its portions which are disposed forwardly of and behind said chamber outlet.

21. In a gasburner, a gas and air mixing tube having an outlet, a cap telescoping the outlet end of said tube providing a space at the end of said tube and with an extension along the side Wall of said tube, said cap hav- 22. In a gas burner, a gas and air mixing tube having an outlet, a cap telescoping the outlet end of said tube providing a s ace at the end of said tube and along its si e wall, said cap having slots of suiicient len ho si e spaces, the sum of the areas of the slot portions communicating directly with said end space being greater than the cross-sectional area of the side space.

y 23. In a gas burner, a tube with an outlet and having provision for the forming of a gas and air mixture therein, means associated with the outlet end of said tube providing a space at the end of said tube and a compara- .tively narrow space around the side of the aces communicating with said end space bellO both said' end and side space sections, the

sum of the areas'of the slot portions communicating directly with saidend space section being greater than the area of the connection between said end and side space sections.

25. In combination, a combustion chamber, and arburner structure mounted in said chamber which includes a gas and air mixing chamber having an outlet, a trap communicating with said mixing chamber outlet and having associated therewith a battle and vdischarge slots so related as to discharge the mixture through said slots in spaced sheet formation, the depth' of the lame sheets being caused to vary with mixture pressure variation to provide variable depth flame flues, said combustion chamber having air inlet means of such -size and capacity as to admit under normal draft conditions to thecombustion chamber l only a sufficient amount of air to supply com-v bustion needs under minimum gas pressure operation, said flame flues self-inducing through said air inlet means a proportionately increased amount of air as their depth is increased by a gas pressure increase. a

26. In combination, a shallow combustion chamber, and a burner mounted in said .combustion chamber, said burner comprising nozzlestructure which takes the form of a vertically-disposed tube having provision for the forming of a combustible mixture therein, mixture-discharge-control` means associated with said tube including slotted mixture dis- 'charge openings for causing the mixtureto burnin spaced llame sheets from the surfaces of said openings and for directing said sheets horizontally away from said nozzle, said combustion chamber having its ,sole air inlet restricted to limit the amount of air admitted therethrough under normal draft conditions to that required only for minimum combustion needs, said llame sheets defining llame flues which self-induce through said air inlet additional air. proportionatel as the size of said sheets and flues is variedy by mixture pressure variation. I v

27 A gas burner including a mixture forming and discharge-controlling nozzle which comprises a tubular body portion having provision, for the forming of a combustible mixture therein, a cap mounted on thel outer end of said body in spaced relation thereto providing a chamber beyond the outer end of said body and a relatively shallow chamber substantially-uniform in cross section around v the side of said body adjacent its outer end said cap having a plurality of equally spaced slots extending lengthwise fromnear its top the mixture laterally as'it is discharged from said body toward said slots.

28. In a gas burner, an element for forming a combustible mixture and means Jfor discharging said` mixture for combustion including a plurality of laterally-directing ports relatively located to discharge into independent zones, a portion only of each of said ports being directly in the iiow path of said mixture, and the remainin portion of each said port being. so locate an indirect and rearward relation to said drect-flow path.A a v 29. A mixture forming and discharging device for a gas burner which has a mixing tubewith an axial discharge opening and provision for forming a combustible mixture therein, a member-mounted upon the outer end of said tubeand having a part which extends rearwardly of said discharge `opening and substantially'parallel with the end as to bear v wall of said tube in spaced relation thereto for forming a mixture pressure space between said tube and member, .and comparatively long discharge outlets leading from the space between said tube and the rearwardly extending member part, said outlets being so restricted that the flow rateof the mixture therethrough is greater than the rate of liame propagation4 for mixture fed under the minimum pressure.

30. In a gas burner, the combination `with a hollow gas distributing head, of means 1n communication with the interior of said head ual streams oij said mixture directly into in-` dividual, separated flame areas, the active area of said slot means being of such size relative to the tube outlet as yto establish a mixture discharge flow velocity therethrough which is at all times greater than the rate of i llame propagation'for the mixture ired.

31. In a gas burner, a jet device comprising la tube having a mixing bore, means for admitting gas and air to said tube to form a combustible mixture therein, an end part for the discharge end of said tube having a larger bore than said mixing bore, long, nariso rowY slots in the wall of said end part extending rearwardly of the discharge end of said mixing bore for discharging the mixture from the bore into a combustion zone, and another end art located axially with res ect to the bore oi) said first end part and ten glo tiizeilect the mixture laterally through said 32. In a gas burner,a mixing device having an upper open-ended tubular portion, means for forming a combustiblel mixture within the tubular portion; and mixture-discharge-control means comprising a cap having a comparatively long body adapted to be mounted at and over the end of said tubular portion in spaced relation thereto with its body extending adjacent the sides of said tubular portion to provide a mixture-receiving chamber at the end of said tube which is of inverted U-shape in longitudinal section, and said cap havin narrow, independently-acting slits exten g longitudinally thereof and of such length as to extend adjacent the side of said tubular portion, said slits being so arranged relative to each other .that the mixture is discharged from said chamber into a plurality of separated dame areas.

33. In a gas burner, a mixing device havmg a vertical, open-ended tubular portion with provision for the forming of a combustible mixture; and mixture-discharge-control means comprising a cap mounted over the end of said tubular ortion in spaced relation thereto withits bo y extending adjacent the sideof the tubular portion to provide a mixture-receiving chamber at the end and side of said tube, and narrow, radial slits in and extending lengthwise of said cap and of such length as to extend parallel and adjacent to the side of said tubular portion, the arrangement being such that only a ortion of each said slit is in a direct line wit 'the open end of said tubular portion and in direct communication with said chamber said slitsV being so arranged relative to each other that the mixture is discharged therethrough from said chamber into a lurality of different flame areas, and the minimum active area of each of said slits is of such size that, under minimum gas pressure operation, the portion of the mixture which passes through each of the same is caused to flow at a rate greater than the rate of fiame propagation for thati particular mixture.

34. in a gas burner, means including aY vertical mixing tube -or forming a combustible mixture, and means mounted upon said tube for controlling the discharge of said preformed mixture, said latter means compris- -ing a cap so shaped and adapted to tit over the discharge end of said tube in spaced relation thereto that a' mixture-receiving chamber of substantially inverted U-shape in cross seotion is provided, said cap having narrow, ra-

that portion thereof in direct communication With the end of said tube is such that under certain gas pressure conditions the mixture discharged from the tube is delivered from said chamber through the direct flow slot portions as fast as it is fed into said portion whereb the mixture will burn, when ignited, at the surface only of said then active and direct flow slot portions.

85. In a gas burner, means for forming a combustible mixture including a mixing tube, and a mixture-discharge-control means associated with said tube comprisin a cap supported over ,and surrounding t e discharge end of said tube in spaced relation thereto providing a mixture-receiving chamber having a portion in axial alignment with said tube and a more restricted portion alongside said tube, said cap having narrow slits ing the mixture from said chamber, said slits terminating short of the top of said cap to provide in the top central portion of the latter a liorizontally-defiecting Wall surface in axial alignment with-and o lesser dimension than the bore of said tube, saidslits being long enough to extend down adjacent the side of said tube to receive and discharge the mixture from said chamber at that point as the mixture is backed up therein by increase in mixture pressure.

36. In a gas burner, means for forming a mixture of gas and air including a vertical tube, a cap having a top and side wall mounted over the discharge end of said tube, said tube end being projected within said cap close to the top thereof and the outside dimensions of said tube being reduced to provide a subvtherein serving as the sole means for dischargstantially .parallel shallow space between it and the cap side Wall as well as an end space. .I

between it and the cap top wall, narrow, radial slits extendin lengthwise of said cap from a point near te top of said cap from above said tube end to a .point near the bottom of its side alongside the reduced portion of said tube end.

37. ln a burner, a vertically disposed nozzle provided with a discharge outlet and having provision for forming therein a combustible mixture, a verticallv slotted member telescoping the discharge end of said nozzle in' spaced relation to the end and side of said nozzle, said member having a baiiie wall surface in axial alignment with said nozzle and of less Width than the discharge outlet of said nozzle tending to deflect mixture streams through the slots of said member laterally, said slots l being substantially spaced from each other Aao and sufiicientlyseparated for confining the burning-mixture to individual flame zones and for effecting substantially complete combustion at the high gas pressure wlthout impingement of the flames one with the other.-

38. In a burner, a vertically disposed nozzle structure, including means for forming a combustible mixture therein, a vertically slotted member telescoping the discharge end of said nozzle in spaced relation thereto at its end and sides, said member having a halide wall surface in axial alignment with the nozzle bore for deecting mixture streams through the slots of said member laterally Within a vertical limit defined substantially by the height of said baliie wall, said slots being disconnected and sufiiciently spaced from each other as to confine the ignited mixture burning therefrom to individual flame zones and also providing spaced flame sheets which define distinct unobstructed vertical flame flues for inducing a positive flow of second-` ary air upwardly around said nozzle and between the flame sheets.

39. The combination in a burner, of aplurality of llame discharge elements, each element comprising a vertical tube having a mixing bore, air openings in said elements at the base of said bore through which primary air is entrained for forming the mixture, means for discharging lateral, edgewise dame sheets supported by said mixture, and means carried by' each said element and passing down over, said air openings at such a distance therefrom as to not restrict thefiow of air therethrough to shield such openings from llames which may be` abnormally deflected theretoward from adjacent iame elements.

40. In a gas burner, a tube having provision for forming a combustible mixture therein, and means for discharging the mixture directly from said tube which comprises a cap v'member mounted upon said tube with its closed end disposed in spaced axial yalignment with the end of the tube to present a non-perforated concaved surface to the end of the tube, and the side wall of said cap member passing down adjacent the tube wall in shallow spaced relation thereto, said cap member having long slots extending from its non-perforated end part along the part adjacent the side wall of said tube, ,with a part only of each slot disposed in flow alignment with the end'or` said tube, the total area. of all the slots in flow alignment with said tube being great enough to discharge the mixture as fast as ed from the tube under a lower gas pressure condition, the mixture being .backed-up in the slots as the pressure is 1ncreased beyond the capacity of the direct flow area.

41. In a gas burner, 'a tube having provision for the forming of a combustible mixture therein, and means for discharging the mixture directly from said tube which'comprises a bullet-shaped cap member mounted over the end of said tube with its nose part in substantially axial alignment with the bore of said tube, said cap member having its nose and body parts spaced from the end-and side -well of said tube to provide a mixture-receiving space, said cap member,

having a plurality o separated slots extendin'g from adjacent its nose part along its` body so that a part of each slot is in substantially direct flow alignment with said tube and a part communicatesl with. the space alongside said tube.

42. In a gas burner, a tube having provision 'for the forming of a combustible .mix-

ture therein, and means for discharging the mixture directly from said tube ywhich comprises a bullet-shaped cap member mounted over the end of said tube with its nose part in substantially axial alignment with the bore of said tube, said cap member having its nose and body parts spaced Jfrom the end and side walls of said tube to providea mixture-receiving space, said cap member havin a pluraly ity of separated slots extending romV adjacent its nose lpart along its bodyv so thata part of each slot is in substantially direct flow alignment with said tube and a part communicates with the space alongside said tube, said slots being of such width that under certain gas pressure conditions the total area of those portions in direct flow alignment is sufficient to discharge the mixture therefrom without back-up in the other portions of said slots.

43. In a gas burner, a vertically disposed tubular member having provision for forming a combustible mixture, and delivery means which includes a hollow tip having an imperforate end part spaced from and in axial alignment 'with said tubular member but not entirely covering the end ofthe latter in horizontal projection and a side Wall part extending adjacent the side of said tubular member in spaced relation, and delivery slots in said tip extending from said end part in `flotvalignment with saidtubular member into said side Wall part, said end part serving to deflect the mixture from said tubular I the flow of the mixture through each of them, said slots being of such length that. a part of eachof them is located in the end part of of such narrowness as to materially restrict r iso the tube in substantial axial iiow alignment with said tube and the other part extends adjacent the side of the tube out of axial flow alignment, the total area of the portions of the slots in axial iow alignment being greater v than the orifice area of the space connecting said end and side spaces.

'In testimony whereof, I have subscribed my name.

SIMON J. LONERGAN 

